Brazil's cash transfer program reduced TB incidence by 41% (aRR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.58–0.60) and mortality by 31% (aRR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.65–0.73), with strongest effects among Indigenous groups (incidence aRR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.32–0.42) and those in extreme poverty (incidence aRR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.49–0.50)