Are we asymptotically approaching the cognitive and conceptual horizons of human understanding?

I’ve had this discussion with a friend, and I’m curious for other people’s opinion. From the dawn of scientific inquiry to the heights of philosophical abstraction, humanity has relentlessly pursued answers to the greatest questions of existence. Yet, as we unravel the fabric of reality - e.g. from quantum mechanics to cosmology - are we beginning to encounter the fundamental limits of what our minds can grasp?

Is it conceivable that certain enigmas, such as the ontological essence of consciousness, the nature of time, or the preconditions of the cosmos, lie irrevocably beyond the architecture of human cognition? Could it be that our intellectual tools - like language, mathematics, and empirical observation - are inherently constrained, leaving us perpetually adjacent to but never fully immersed in ultimate truth?

Or might the emergence of post-human intelligences, whether artificial or biologically enhanced, enable a transcendence of these boundaries? If so, would such entities perceive truths that are fundamentally alien to human understanding, rendering our most profound insights merely stepping stones in a far greater epistemic journey?